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Glossary of Plants

Thirty plants make up the recipes in this book, listed here alphabetically by English name. Each entry gives the Latin name as the recipe uses it, the part of the plant that goes into the cup, whether the European Medicines Agency has a monograph on that part and, if it has, what the monograph recognizes the plant for, and the chapters where the plant is an ingredient. A monograph records traditional use when a plant is recognized on the strength of long use, and well-established use when the recognition rests on clinical evidence. Honey, lemon, orange, dates, cinnamon and stevia appear in some recipes as additions and are not listed.

  • Alder buckthorn

    Frangula alnus Mill., synonym Rhamnus frangula L

    Bark. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/726261/2016 Rev. 1): well-established use for short-term relief of occasional constipation. Chapter 40. Not sea buckthorn (Chapter 28).

  • Bay

    Laurus nobilis L

    Leaf. No European monograph. Chapter 18.

  • Blackcurrant

    Ribes nigrum L

    Leaf. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/745353/2016): traditional use for minor joint pain and for increasing urine volume in minor urinary complaints. Chapters 16 and 17.

  • Burdock

    Arctium lappa L

    Root. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/246763/2009): traditional use for increasing urine volume in minor urinary complaints, for temporary loss of appetite and for seborrheic skin conditions. Chapter 36.

  • Calendula

    Calendula officinalis L

    Flower. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/437450/2017 Rev. 1): traditional use, external only, for minor inflammation of the skin and small wounds and for inflammation of the mouth and throat. Chapter 22.

  • Chamomile

    Matricaria recutita L

    Flower. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/55843/2011): traditional use for minor gastrointestinal complaints, symptoms of the common cold, minor inflammation of the mouth and throat, and irritation and minor inflammation of the skin. Chapters 20, 23 and 24.

  • Cherry

    Prunus cerasus L. or Prunus avium (L.) L

    Leaf. No European monograph on the leaf. Chapter 18.

  • Chicory

    Cichorium intybus L

    Root. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/121816/2010): traditional use for mild digestive disorders and temporary loss of appetite. Chapters 32 and 38.

  • Dandelion

    Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg

    Root. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/475726/2020): traditional use for mild digestive disorders, for temporary loss of appetite and for increasing urine volume in minor urinary complaints. Chapter 35.

  • Ginger

    Zingiber officinale Roscoe

    Rhizome, called ginger root in the recipes. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/885789/2022 Rev. 1): well-established use for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in motion sickness; traditional use for motion sickness, mild spasmodic gastrointestinal complaints, temporary loss of appetite, minor joint pain and symptoms of the common cold — all for the powdered root or tinctures; the monograph has no tea. Chapters 33, 38 and 42.

  • Ginkgo

    Ginkgo biloba L

    Leaf. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/321097/2012): well-established use for age-associated cognitive impairment and mild dementia, which applies to a refined dry extract and not to an infusion; traditional use, for the powdered leaf, for heavy legs and cold hands and feet in minor circulatory disorders. Chapter 19.

  • Ginseng

    Panax ginseng C.A.Mey

    Root. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/27744/2023 Rev. 1): traditional use for asthenia, meaning fatigue and weakness. Chapters 34 and 38.

  • Guelder rose

    Viburnum opulus L

    Berry. No European monograph. Chapter 29.

  • Hawthorn

    Crataegus monogyna Jacq. or Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC

    Leaf with flower. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/159075/2014): traditional use, as a tea, for temporary nervous cardiac complaints such as palpitations; mild mental stress and sleep are recognized for other preparations only. Chapter 27.

  • Hibiscus

    Hibiscus sabdariffa L

    Calyx. No European monograph; the Egyptian national monograph (Egyptian Drug Authority, 2023) gives one indication, adjuvant therapy in hypertension. Chapters 22 and 25.

  • Jasmine

    Jasminum officinale L. or Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton

    Flower. No European monograph. Chapters 21 and 23.

  • Lavender

    Lavandula angustifolia Mill

    Flower. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/734125/2010): traditional use for mild mental stress and exhaustion and to aid sleep. Chapter 20.

  • Lemon balm

    Melissa officinalis L

    Leaf. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/196745/2012): traditional use for mild mental stress and to aid sleep, and for mild gastrointestinal complaints including bloating. Chapters 15 and 19.

  • Licorice

    Glycyrrhiza glabra L

    Root. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/108399/2024 Rev. 1): traditional use for digestive symptoms including burning sensation and dyspepsia, and as an expectorant in cough associated with a cold. Chapter 37.

  • Linden

    Tilia cordata Mill., Tilia platyphyllos Scop. or Tilia × vulgaris Heyne

    Blossom. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/337066/2011): traditional use for symptoms of the common cold and for mild mental stress. Chapters 21, 23 and 24.

  • Oak

    Quercus robur L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. or Quercus pubescens Willd

    Bark. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/3203/2009): traditional use for the symptomatic treatment of mild diarrhea and for minor inflammation of the oral mucosa and of the skin. Chapter 39.

  • Peppermint

    Mentha × piperita L

    Leaf. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/572705/2014 Rev. 1): traditional use for digestive disorders such as dyspepsia and flatulence. Chapters 15, 19, 25 and 42.

  • Plantain, ribwort

    Plantago lanceolata L

    Leaf. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/887979/2022 Rev. 1): traditional use for irritation of the mouth and throat with dry cough, for cough associated with a cold, and for minor inflammation of the skin. Chapter 37.

  • Raspberry

    Rubus idaeus L

    Leaf. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/44211/2012): traditional use for minor menstrual spasm, mild inflammation of the mouth and throat, and mild diarrhea. Chapter 17.

  • Rosehip

    Rosa canina L

    Hip, the fruit. No European monograph. Chapters 26, 27 and 31.

  • Rowan

    Sorbus aucuparia L

    Berry. No European monograph. Chapters 30 and 31.

  • Sage

    Salvia officinalis L

    Leaf. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/277152/2015 Rev. 1): traditional use for mild dyspeptic complaints such as heartburn and bloating, for excessive sweating, for inflammation of the mouth and throat, and for minor inflammation of the skin. Chapter 16.

  • Sea buckthorn

    Hippophae rhamnoides L

    Berry. No European monograph. Chapter 28. Not alder buckthorn (Chapter 40).

  • Thyme

    Thymus vulgaris L. or Thymus zygis L

    Herb. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/342332/2013): traditional use for productive cough associated with a cold. Chapter 16.

  • Willow

    Salix spp. (Salix purpurea L., Salix daphnoides Vill., Salix fragilis L., Salix alba L.)

    Bark. European monograph (EMA/HMPC/80630/2016): well-established use for short-term treatment of low back pain; traditional use for minor joint pain, fever in the common cold and headache. Chapters 41 and 42.

The Hidden History of Beverages · second edition

Fourteen chapters of history. Twenty-eight drinks. Every claim sourced.

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